Qualitative Analysis by Macro
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Qualitative Analysis

Photo: Woman holding a notebook as she scratches her head What happened? Why? How does it work? Who was responsible? Was it successful? How do we know? Getting the answers to such questions requires exploration of nuances and complexity. Unlike the statistical formulas and countable, predefined measurements that define quantitative methods, qualitative analysis is all about sifting and sorting data, perceptions, and opinions.

Macro takes a disciplined approach to qualitative analysis. The first step is to bring order to data that may be voluminous and that may have come from different sources—interviews, records, reports, and personal observation. Building analysis from the ground up, we follow explicit procedures to ensure that our information is complete, to classify data, and to prepare a solid description of what we found out about each person, group, or place that we are examining.

Interpretation—the second phase of qualitative analysis—relies on the intelligence, experience, and judgment of Macro’s analysts to pull it all together. They are skilled and insightful in finding concepts, patterns, and themes. Still, we take special care to ensure that our conclusions are more than conjecture. Analysts look for alternative explanations, highlight exceptions to patterns, and are careful to report findings in the context of both guiding research questions and the particular cases that were examined.

We have a wealth of experience in qualitative studies covering a wide array of topics and populations in the United States and internationally. Our qualitative work is based on a full range of data collection methods including focus groups, in-depth interviews, and on-site visits.

AmeriCorps logoStudy of Race, Class, and Ethnicity in AmeriCorps
Macro’s evaluation specialists and diversity trainers studied issues of race, class, and ethnicity in 12 AmeriCorps programs. They interviewed program and host site staff and service recipients, moderated focus group discussions with members, and observed service activities. To analyze the qualitative data within and across sites, team members summarized their notes and identified key issues. Next, each team met and reached consensus on their findings. All of the teams then met to conduct a thematic analysis across all of the sites and to identify factors that could explain the findings. This process identified the major elements that support diversity and the contexts in which they occur.

Photo: Family preparing fish Providing Data To Revise Guidelines on Safe Levels of Methyl Mercury in Tuna
The danger that mercury in fish poses to the health of youngsters is a controversial topic marked by differing points of view among Government agencies, consumer advocates, the tuna industry, and other interest groups. Macro tested the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) messages regarding safe levels of fish consumption with a variety of audiences throughout the United States, including pregnant and nursing women and mothers of young children. We addressed this topic in 2000 and conducted a new round of focus groups in 2004. Our analysis helped shape a new FDA advisory stating which fish are most likely to contain hazardous levels of mercury for children and women of childbearing age. This advisory also listed the healthy amounts of fish that are low in mercury and are safe for these groups to consume.

 


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